Realisms Depiction of International Relations Essay

Realisms Depiction of International Relations - Essay Example Therefore, in entering any agreement with any country, a state is always aware of the likelihood of cheating and the potential comparative gain that might result from the arrangement (Simpson 2001). Due this fear, courtiers must act to safeguard their interest so that in case of partners’ noncompliance with the bilateral or multilateral agreement, the state is not exposed to economic or security risks (Grieco 1999). Such a move should not translate into limiting cooperation with other states, but as a measure that will protect the country from exploitation by its partners. Realism has also developed to accommodate new trends that characterize international relations. Economic globalization has made it a must for cooperation as opposed to isolation of country from outside influence. Industrialized countries have been able to reap a lot of benefit due to this improved cooperation with other states (Jackson & Sorensen 2007). Such cooperation has become apparent especially with co untries like USA, which traditional follows the realist ideology to increase its interaction with others for greater influence and economic gains. Although globalization has made cooperation among countries inevitable, different countries do not trade on the same platform. Some countries benefit more than the other does in any international agreement. Since every country is serving its interest in the agreement, some countries are bound to gain more than the others do, as is mostly the case when developed countries trade with third world countries. Developed countries use their superior economic and technological power to get cheap raw material from developing countries and then sale the processed... This essay stresses that international organization presented by liberal institutionalism cannot stop countries from acting according to the balance of power system, calculating how each of their moves affects their relative position in the in global arena where stiff completion is the order of the day. Realists argue that international institutions cannot provide a muscular and timely response to aggression by power hungry states. A good example of this is the Syrian case where the government has taken part in the bombing of civilian habitats killing many yet the international institutions could not move in to stop the killing. Another key example of failure for liberal institutionalism to depict international relations is the failure of international institutions to act on the threat that North Korea’s accumulation of nuclear energy post to international security. Therefore, countries protect their interests by trusting in their own power and not on an international authorit y This paper makes a conlusion that international relations are guided by the need of states to get the best out of its interactions with other states. To achieve this, states will seek to protect their economic interests and further their influence in the international politics. The failure of international institutions to be tough on aggressive states has increased the need for countries to act in their best interest due to the stiff competition in international politics and economy. Only the established balance of power can dictate how far a state can advance its interests.

Advanced Marine Design Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advanced Marine Design - Coursework Example Substantial modifications have been installed in the design to include the hull form characteristics and standard dimensions to iterate certain design arrangements. This marine craft is a high-speed aluminum planing hull with similar screw diesel thrust and heavy buildup. The key facets that have been well-thought-out in the designing procedure of the craft include the effects, needs, dimensional ratios, form features, resistance, propulsion and strength of the ship and its outline (Mizine, Brenner and Harries, 2011, p. 1). Corresponding dimensional ratios I. Influences Increasing anxiety over the creation of the general design of the marine craft, its incorporation, with production, sustenance and renovation has created specific attention (Mizine, Brenner and Harries, 2011, p. 1). This focus influences the functions and needs of automatic designs and production, and the application of information technology aspects. Initiation of computerized instruments has made this design employ the attempt of enhancing the design guidelines with the aim of advancing the performance and security of the ship and its structures. The depiction of the hull configurations for such a high-speed marine crafts is the most significant aspect that greatly influences all stages of the design project (Mizine, Brenner and Harries, 2011, p. 1)... This mainly applies for traditional marine crafts that make this design appear and perform as a modern and improved structure of traveling and warring purposes (Mizine, Brenner and Harries, 2011, p. 2). III. Principle dimensional ratios The accompanying dimensional ratios have been recognized with a program that gets a grip of the function played by the three-dimensional computer displaying in current ship design exercise. This exercise involves training in numerous current utilized three-dimensional project apparatuses like the current design (Mizine, Brenner and Harries, 2011, p. 2). To get to the opening principle features of the ship’s design structure, a database of similar vessels were covered. To commence the design, it was already established that planing hulls need a coefficient of velocity (CV) of 2, Savitsky, operating under the theory of Hydrodynamic Design of Planing Hulls. The marine technology used in this design also employs a cruising velocity that is supposed to be approximately 30 knots. Using these values and the theory that establishes Savitsky’s equation: CV = V/ (g*B).5 A distance of 20 feet was initiated for the marine craft’s beam. Afterwards, the equation was deployed to control this measurement: L = 9.8489*B –91.585 = 105 feet Knowing the length, the relationship shown in the design was used to realize the displacement: ? = 2.2244*L –120.01 = 113.55 LT Lastly, from the calculation, a value for the current was realized: ? = 56.857*T – 253.56 T = 5.5 feet Consequently, preliminary principal dimensions were as follows: L = 105 feet B = 20 feet T = 5.5 feet IV. Form characteristics on stability Certain incorporation techniques, Bonjean curves, dampened exteriors and

Describe How Communication Skills Were Used In Practice Nursing Essay

Describe How Communication Skills Were Used In Practice Nursing Essay Introduction. Communication involves the exchange of messages and is a process which all individuals participate in. Whether it is through spoken word, written word, non-verbal means or even silence, messages are constantly being exchanged between individuals or groups of people (Bach Grant 2009). All behaviour has a message and communication is a process which individuals cannot avoid being involved with (Ellis et al 1995). In nursing practice, communication is essential, and good communication skills are paramount in the development of a therapeutic nurse/patient relationship. This aim of this essay is to discuss the importance of communication in nursing, demonstrating how effective communication facilitates a therapeutic nurse/patient relationship. This will be achieved by providing a definition of communication, making reference to models of communication and explaining how different types of communication skills can be used in practise. In order to engage in meaningful communication and develop effective communication skills, nurses must engage in the process of reflecting on how communication skills are utilised in practise. Reflection allows the nurse opportunity to gain a deeper insight into personal strengths and weaknesses and to address any areas of concern in order to improve future practise (Taylor 2001). A further aim will be to reflect on how communication skills have been utilised within nursing practise. Various models of reflection will be examined, and a reflective account of a personal experience which occurred during placement will be provided using a model. This reflective account will involve a description the incident, an analysis of thoughts and feelings and an evaluation of what has occurred. Finally, the reflective account will include an action plan for a similar situation, which may arise, in the future. Communication involves information being sent, received and decoded between two or more people (Balzer-Riley 2008) and involves the use of a number of communication skills; which in a nursing context generally focuses on listening and giving information to patients (Weller 2002). This process of sending and receiving messages has been described as both simple and complex (Rosengren 2000 in McCabe 2006, p.4). It is a process which is continually utilised by nurses to convey and receive information from the patient, co-workers, others they come into contact with and the patients family. Models of Communication. The Linear Model is the simplest form of communication and involves messages being sent and received by two or more people (McCabe 2006). Whilst this model demonstrates how communication occurs in its simplest form, it fails to consider other factors impacting on the process. Communication in nursing practice can be complicated, involving the conveyance of large amounts of information, for example, when providing patients with information relating to their care and treatment or when offering health promotion advice. In contrast, the Circular Transactional Model is a two way approach, acknowledging other factors, which influence communication such as feedback and validation (McCabe 2006). Elements of this model are also contained in Hargie and Dickinsons (2004) A Skill Model of Interpersonal Communication which suggests that successful communication is focused, purposeful and identifies the following skills; person centred context, goal, mediating process, response, feedback and perception. It also considers other aspects of the individual and the influence these may have on their approach to the process of communication (McCabe 2006). For communication to be effective it is important for the nurse to recognise key components, and intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which may affect the process (McCabe 2006). They must consider factors such as past personal experiences, personal perceptions, timing and the setting in which communication occurs. Physical, physiological, psychological and semantic noise may also influence the message, resulting in misinterpreted by the receiver (McCabe 2006). Communication skills. Communication consists of verbal and non-verbal. Verbal communication relates to the spoken word and can be conducted face-to-face or over the telephone (Docherty McCallum 2009). Nurses continually communicate with patients; verbal communication allows the nurse opportunity to give information to the patient about their care or treatment, to reassure the patient and to listen and respond to any concerns the patient may have (NMC 2008). Effective communication is beneficial to the patient in terms of their satisfaction and understanding, of care and treatment they have been given (Arnold Boggs 2007), while at the same time optimising the outcomes or care and/or treatment for the patient (Kennedy- Sheldon 2009). Questioning allows the nurse to gather further information and open or closed questions can be used. Closed questions usually require a yes or no response and are used to gather the necessary information, whereas open questions allow the patient, opportunity to play an active role and to discuss and agree options relating to their care as set out in the Healthcare Standards for Wales document (2005). Probing questions can be used to explore the patients problems further thus allowing the nurse to treat the patient as an individual and develop a care plan specific to their individual needs (NMC 2008). It is vital that the nurse communicates effectively, sharing information with the patient about their health in an understandable way to ensure the patient is fully informed about their care and treatment and that consent is gained prior to this occurring (NMC 2008). The nurse should also listen to the patient and respond to their concerns and preferences about their care and well-being (NMC 2008). In nursing, listening is an essential skill and incorporates attending and listening (Burnard Gill 2007). Attending; fully focusing on the other person and being aware of what they are trying to communicate and listening; the process of hearing what is being said by another person are the most important aspects of being a nurse (Burnard 1997). Non-verbal communication is a major factor in communication, involving exchange of messages without words. It relates to emotional states and attitudes and the conveyance of messages through body language; body language has seven elements; gesture, facial expressions, gaze, posture, body space and proximity, touch and dress (Ellis et al 1995). Each of these elements can reinforce the spoken word and add meaning to the message; it isnt about what you say or how you say it but it also relates to what your body is doing while you are speaking (Oberg 2003). Patients often read cues from the nurses non-verbal behaviour, which can indicate interest or disinterest. Attentiveness and attention to the patient can be achieved through SOLER: S sit squarely, O Open posture, L learn towards the patient, E eye contact, R relax (Egan 2002). There must be congruency between verbal and non verbal messages for effective communication to be achieved. Non-verbal communication can contradict the spoken word and the ability to recognise these non-verbal cues is vitally important in nursing practice (McCabe 2006), for example, a patient may verbally communicate that they are not in pain, but their non-verbal communication such as facial expression may indicate otherwise. It is also important for the nurse to be aware of the congruency of their verbal and non-verbal communication. Any discrepancies between the two will have a direct influence on the message they are giving to patients, and may jeopardise the nurse/patient relationship. Other factors may affect communication in a negative way, endangering the process, and nurses must be aware of internal and external barriers (Schubert 2003). Lack of interest, poor listening skills, culture and the personal attitude are internal factors, which may affect the process. External barriers such as the physical environment, temperature, the use of jargon and/or technical words can also negatively influence the process (Schubert 2003). Reflection. To fully assess the development of communication skills the nurse can make use of reflection to gain a better insight and understanding of their skills (Siviter 2008). Reflection can also be used to apply theoretical knowledge to practice, thus bridging the gap between theory and practice (Burns Bulman 2000) and allows us opportunity, to develop a better insight and awareness of our actions both conscious and unconscious in the situation. Reflecting on events that take place in practice, allows opportunity not only to think about what we do, but also to consider why we do things. This helps us to learn from the experience and improve our future nursing practice (Siviter 2008). Reflection can be described as either reflection in action; occurring during the event, or reflection on action; which happens after the event has occurred (Taylor 2001) and is guided by a model, which serves as a framework within, which the nurse is able to work. It is usually a written process, and the use o f a reflective model uses questions to provide a structure and guide for the process (Siviter 2008). Reflective Models. There are numerous reflective models that may be utilised by the nursing professional, for example, Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988), Johns Model of Structured Reflection (1994) and Driscolls Model of Reflection (2002). Gibbs model (Appendix I) has a cyclical approach, consisting of six stages per cycle that guide the user through a series of questions, providing a structure for reflection on an experience. The first stage of the process is a descriptive account of the situation; what happened? Followed by an analysis of thoughts and feelings in the second stage; what were your thoughts and feelings? The third and fourth stages involve an evaluation of the situation, what was good and/or bad about the experience and an analysis allowing us to make sense of the situation. The last two stages are the conclusion of the situation, what else could have been done and finally an action plan to prepare for similar situations, which may arise in the future (Gibbs 1988). Similarly to Gibbs Reflective Cycle, Johns Model of Structured Reflection (Appendix II) and Driscolls (Appendix III) model of reflection promote learning through reflection. They have similar structures, which guide the user through the reflective process. Johns Model incorporates four stages; description, reflection, alternative actions and learning (Johns 1994) and Discolls model has three stages: a return to the situation, understanding the context and modifying future outcome (Discoll 2002). The three models described all have similarities in that the user is guided through the reflective process by describing the event, analysing their thoughts, feelings and actions and making plans for future practice. Considering the models of reflection described, the next component of this essay will make use of the Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1998) to provide a reflective account of a situation which I experienced during clinical placement in a community setting. Reflective Account. As part of this placement, I assisted my mentor, a health visitor, in the provision of a baby club for parents with babies and pre-school children, which takes place on a weekly basis and involves routine checks, such as baby-weighing, in addition to opportunity, for parents to socialise and opportunity for health visitors to provide information relating to the care and health of babies and children. During the second week of this placement, I was asked to assist in the delivery of a forthcoming health promotion session relating to dental health. I have chosen this event as a basis for my reflective account as I feel that health promotion is an important area to consider. It enables individuals to play a pivotal role in their own health (Webster and Finch 2002 in Scriven 2005) and is a means by which positive health can be promoted and enhanced alongside the prevention of illness (Downie et al 2000). It gives clients the knowledge to make informed decisions about their health and prevention of illness and is an area in which the nurse or healthcare professional plays a key role (WHO 1989). Description of the event. The event occurred during a weekly session at baby club that takes place in a community centre. My mentor (Health Visitor) and I were present along with a group of ten mothers and their babies. As this event took place during a group session, I will maintain confidentiality (NMC 2008) by not referring to any one individual. Consent was gained from all clients prior to the session commencing, in line with the NMC Code of Conduct (2008) and the environment was checked to ensure it was appropriate and safe for the session to take place. The aim of the session was to promote good dental health and oral hygiene amongst children and babies. Standard 1 of the Standards of Care for Health Visitors (RCN 1989) is to promote health, and the session aimed to provide clients with relevant, up-to-date information, thus allowing them to make informed choices about the future care of their childrens teeth. Chairs were set out in a semi-circle with a number of play mats and various baby toys placed in the centre. This allowed parents opportunity to interact in the session, to listen to the information and ask questions while at the same time being in close enough proximity to their children to respond to their needs. The Health Visitor and I sat at the front of the semi circle facing the group. I reintroduced myself to the group and gave a brief explanation of my role and the part I would play in the session. This was important; some of the clients were meeting me for the first time, and it is during this initial contact that jud gements are made about future interactions, and the service being provided. Positive initial interaction can provide a good foundation for a future beneficial relationship (Scriven 2005). The session was broken down into two parts: information giving, focusing on the promotion of dental health and prevention of illness in the form of tooth decay (Robotham and Frost 2005). Secondly, information relating to tooth brushing was given along with a demonstration undertaken by myself that showed the clients good oral hygiene could be achieved through effective tooth brushing. A question and answer session followed which allowed us to clarify any issues raised. Feelings and thoughts. In the week, preceding the session it was important for me to consider a systematic approach to the planning of the session. The first stage was to gather relevant, up-to-date information relating to the subject and plan how it could be incorporated in the session. The NMC Standards of Proficiency (2004a) states that nurses must engage in a continual process of learning and that evidence-based practice should be used (Bach and Grant 2009). The plan was discussed with my mentor and advice was sought about any adjustments which may be necessary. Prior to the session, I was apprehensive about delivering a health promotion session to clients (patients). I as I felt out of my depth as a first year student and my anxiety was exacerbated further as this was my first placement. However, support and encouragement from my mentor and other health visitors in the team helped me to relax. I was given the opportunity to discuss the topic with my mentor and was relieved when I was able to respond to any questions asked in an appropriate manner and that my knowledge had been increased through the research I had undertaken, thus boosting my confidence. Evaluation. Despite my initial reservation about my knowledge of the subject and apprehension at delivering a health promotion session, I feel that my mentors decision to include me in the delivery of the session benefitted me greatly in the development of my knowledge and self confidence. During the session, I feel that I communicated well verbally with clients and that my non-verbal communication was appropriate and corresponded to what I was saying. The clients were focused on the session and seemed genuinely interested, nodding when they understood and showed attentiveness by making regular eye contact. Feedback from clients after the session also allowed me to reflect on my communication; one of the clients stated afterwards that she had gained a lot from the session particularly the demonstration relating to tooth brushing and was now more aware of the importance of early oral hygiene to prevent problems later in the childs life. Analysis. Dental Health is a key Health Promotion target in Wales and is the most prevalent form of disease amongst children in Wales. Many of the participants were unaware of when and how childrens teeth should be cared for and the importance of ensuring good oral hygiene from an early age. The aim of the session was to provide information to parents as a means of promoting good oral hygiene and prevention of tooth decay in babies and young children. In order for the aim to be achieved, communication was a key element. Effective communication in a group can only be achieved if there is trust, participation, co-operation and collaboration among its members and the belief that they as a group are able to perform effectively as a group (Balzer-Riley 2008). The information was provided in a way that was easily understandable, a demonstration of how teeth should be brushed was given, and time was allowed for the clients time to ask questions. Communication and listening skills allowed us to discov er what knowledge the clients already had, and enabled us to adjust the information to meet the needs of the clients. Throughout the session, I was aware of my non-verbal communication and attempted to show attentiveness to individuals in the group, using the principles of SOLER I made the necessary adjustments. At times, this proved difficult as trying to lean towards the clients and maintain eye contact with each individual was not possible in a group situation. My anxiety about delivering the session was also an area which I had some concerns with. Nervousness can have an influence on how a message is delivered, and I was constantly aware of my verbal communication, particularly my paralanguage. I have a tendency to speak at an accelerated rate when I am nervous, and was aware that this may influence the way in which the message was being received. It is important to be aware of paralanguage in which the meaning of a word or phrase can change depending on tone, pitch or the rate at which the word(s) is spoken. Paralanguage may also include vocal sounds which may accompany speech and which can add meaning to the words being spoken (Hartley 1999). Throughout the session, I was aware of my verbal and non-verbal communication, and I tried to ensure that it corresponded to the information being given; I was also aware of non-verbal communication of the participants and made appropriate adjustments to my delivery when needed Conclusion. After the session had finished, I was given an opportunity to discuss it with my mentor. I was able to articulate what I felt had gone well, what hadnt gone quite as well and what could be improved. I noted that I was very nervous about delivering the session despite having the knowledge and understanding of the subject and felt that this may have been noticed by the participants. However, feedback from my mentor allowed me to realise that my nervousness was not apparent in my delivery. By undertaking this reflection, I have been able to question the experience and analyse my actions and behaviour, as a means of developing my knowledge for future practice Action plan. This session has helped with my learning and personal development and I now feel more confident in my ability to deliver health promotion activities in a group setting. I am, however, aware that speaking in a group setting is not an area I am very comfortable with but further practice will help alleviate this. I am confident that I will be able to use the knowledge gained on the subject of dental health in my future placements. In the future, I will repeat the process of thorough research, as it is best practice to keep knowledge up-to-date in order to provide care based on evidence (NMC 2008). Summary. In summary, communication is a complex process and an essential skill which the nurse must be aware of in every aspect, of care and treatment they give to patients. A full awareness of not only the spoken word, but also the influence non-verbal communication has on the messages being communicated, is essential in the development of a therapeutic relationship between nurse and patient. The process of reflecting upon practice is also an essential element of knowledge development. After consideration of a number of reflective frameworks, the use of Gibbs Reflective Cycle as a structure for creating a reflective account has proven to be beneficial in the exploration of personal thoughts and feelings in relation to a specified event and I recognise the importance of reflection as a learning tool that can enhance knowledge and practice.

Prohibition of Flag Desecration is Unconstitutional :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

Prohibition of Flag Desecration is Unconstitutional When people fix their eyes upon the fifty white stars and thirteen red and white stripes, they perceive not only a nation’s flag, but a symbol that represents freedom and unity. America, the country of opportunity and liberty, is built on a democracy regulated by the Bill of Rights. If this flag represents the land of the free, then why does Congress continue to disregard the First Amendment and attempt to pry a right out of American citizens’ hands? After Texas v. Johnson in 1989, when the Supreme Court opposed the new flag burning amendment, the state statutes banning flag desecration also were struck down. Since then, Congress has tried to pass The Flag Desecration Amendment in 1990, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, and 2003. The Flag Desecration Amendment states that â€Å"The Congress and the states shall have power to prohibit the physical desecration of the flag of the United States.† This amendment is considered unconstitutional because it limits how citizens express themselves and their ideas. According to Professor Robert Justin Goldstein, only forty-five incidents of desecration have been recorded over 200 years since our flag was adopted. Our flag is in no immediate danger, and many people support it by displaying it on cars, buildings, and homes. In fact, the majority of the burnings represent issues or policies of the government, and not hatred towards the country. For example, in 1970, protestors burned flags to rage against imperialistic foreign policies and the Vietnam War. Although the desecration of our nation’s symbol is disheartening, protecting our Bill of Rights should be Congress’s top priority. Since the adoption of the Bill of Rights in 1791, none of the original articles have been altered. The First Amendment clearly states that Congress cannot establish a law that interferes with the freedom of speech, the freedom of press, or the freedom to assemble a protest.

Effects on students having relationship while studying Essay

â€Å"A true relationship is someone who accepts your past, supports your present, loves you and encourages your future.† This research discuss about the effects on students having a relationship or affair to opposite sex while studying. This research will figure out many effects that may lead to a positive or negative outcome that is useful to the students themselves. According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, relationship is a romantic or sexual relationship between two people. A lot of students nowadays get involved to many kind of relationship. Somehow students are getting careless on making decisions on this topic. Due to immaturity and lack of guidance this may result to some negative and positive outcomes. Negative outcomes may be in a form in which students will get unfocused to their studies or even worst may lead to teenage pregnancy. On the brighter side, positive outcome may be in a form of serving as a inspiration and boost students determination to focus on their students to get high marks in school. It may also teach students on how to be responsible, patient and be mature on decisions they make. Thesis Statement: I believe that the effects on students having a relationship or commitment will lead to negative outcomes. 1.1OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY This research paper aims to: 1.Determine the effects on students having a relationship or affair on opposite sex while studying. 2. Know how far the patience of the students on their relationship is. 3. Determine how guided the students are when it comes to this issue. 4. Know the key on how to manage between studies and relationship. 1.2HYPOTHESIS Having a commitment or relationship while studying may result on students to get unfocused to their studies. 1.3RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1.Why did you decide to get involved in a commitment or relationship? 2Is having a love quarrel before taking examination affect your score? 3Does having a relationship can affect your studies? 4Does your parent know that you’re in a relationship? If so, what is their way on guiding you? 5If you we to choose between boyfriend/girlfriend and studies, what will you choose? Why? 5.1SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY There are 3 groups of people that would benefit this research. First are the students who are in a relationship, especially those who are studying at the University of San Augustine, Iloilo, because this research will help them to determine what are the effects of having a relationship to their studies. Second are the teachers, because they will know that this issue takes a big part or serves as a big factor that student get low marks at school. And for them also to be aware and to be open minded to this issue. And last, to all the parents because this research also reveals the part of the students. By this research, parents will know the thoughts of their children getting involved to this matter and to guide their children in a good and pleasing way. 5.2NEEDS OF THE STUDY We all know for a fact that teenager get involved more often to relationship than adults. It is also a reality that students get involved to negative result due to their carelessness on this issue. Tackling about this issue may contribute a lot for the students who are in a relationship in order for them to realize many things. It also each or reveal many unfold thoughts of the students. The reason why they get in a relationship and how would this effect not only their personal life but also their studies. And how their parents and the people around tem guide or influence them regarding this issue. This topic is needed in 2 important places. 1st at the school, here the students get a lot of influence. It is where carelessness on student’s decision takes place. This research will unfold the rate of influence in every student. This research will also tell you the effects on the people around you when you decide on your relationship to someone. This will show how a love quarrel will will affect your relationship to your classmate or friends. 2nd is at home, where it all started. This research is needed to hear the voice of the students on every problem they face at home. This will  answer many why’s of the topic. Like, why students get involved to this issue? Or why does student find a feeling of love and belonging to other people?

Global Warming Challenge Essay

One of the greatest challenges earth is facing is Global Warming. The global warming hypothesis orginated in 1896 when Svante Arrhenius, a Swedish chemist, developed the theory that carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels would cause global temperatures to rise by trapping excess heat in the earth’s atmosphere. The term â€Å"Global Warming† signifies the temperature of the earth’s neon- surface air. The change in climatic conditions is one of the impacts of global warming. It is directly impacting on rising sea levels and the melting of ice. It is a threat to life on earth. The effects of global warming have been increasing significantly for the past decades. Climate change, devastation of the ecosystem, water contamination, melting ice over Arctic and Antarctic regions, negative impacts in the agricultural sector are just the problems caused by global warming. The reason behind this is human activities that lead to release of greenhouse gases. The concentration of greenhouse gases has significantly increased since 20th century. Some Scientists believe that there is an increase of 0.5 Celsius in earth’s temperature since 1900 and will continue to increase. The year 1990 was said to be the hottest year in the last century. We Human Beings have created an imbalance between life and nature that has led to flood, cyclones, landslides, tsunami, drought, etc. If this imbalance continues, soon our life on earth would be difficult. The increase of Carbon-dioxide in air is one of the reasons for warming the earth’s surface. The most significant greenhouse gas is actually water vapor, not something produced directly by humankind in significant amounts. However, even slight increases in atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) can cause a substantial increase in temperature. When the earth’s surface warms up it will eventually lead to evaporation of water. Water vapor, itself is a greenhouse gas. It is believed that the increase in CO2 in the atmosphere will continue due to ongoing burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. Not only CO2 but other gases such as methane, CFCs, nitrous oxide, tropospheric ozone are also responsible for global warming. The increase in these gases is due to industrialization, deforestation, urbanization and increasing population. Nature has given us a mechanism to decrease the content of CO2 in atmosphere but we are exploiting it. Trees are the mechanism given to mankind as a gift from nature. Trees convert CO2 gas into Oxygen. This helps to decrease the CO2 content in atmosphere which eventually helps us prevent  global warming. The question that should be put forward now is that if this mechanism only won’t exist then how will we prevent global warming? Human beings have always been exploiting nature. Trees have been cut down for the benefits of humans without realizing that it is going to affect us eventually. Deforestation is responsible for 25 per cent of all carbon emissions entering the atmosphere, by the burning and cutting of 34 million acres of trees each year. Everyday over 5500 acres of rainforest are destroyed. Increasing population is also one of the reasons for global warming. Approximately, 80 per cent of atmospheric C02 increases are due to man’s use of fossil fuels either in the form of coal, gas or oil. Vehicles with poor gas mileage contribute the most to global warming. Besides, the sulphur group gas is the most harmful for this. Its contribution is 30 per cent in global warming. This gas is also emitted from the burning of fossil fuels. One of the effects of global warming is rise in sea-level. It will lead to melting of glaciers and changes in rainfall patterns. The rate of melting glaciers have been increasing since the past decade. . The shrinking of glaciers is going to pose a major problem of drinking water. The sea levels as a result of melting of glaciers have risen from 0.35 mm to 0.4 mm. Scientists have warned in their reports that most of the glaciers will disappear within a period of 15 to 25 years. It will create problems of drinking water and food grains in most of the North American countries. India is not unaffected from it. The Himalayan glaciers have shrunk about 30 per cent after 1970. The rise in sea levels is a major cause of concern. A large number of cities located in coastal areas will submerge in the sea. Besides, many island countries will ultimately lose their existence and will be washed away from the surface of the earth. In India this effects may also threaten the Lakshadweep islands, Mu mbai and deltas of Ganges (West Bengal), Carvers (T.N), Godavari (AP) and Mahanadi, Orissa. India is also affected by global warming. As India is an agricultural country, it is largely dependent on rainfall but due to irregular rainfalls caused by global warming, the yield is decreasing every year. The rise in atmospheric temperature and fall in rain would naturally result in decline in crop production. Moreover, it would have great effect on biodiversity as well. Forestation can be of great help in this regard. Planting more trees worldwide will help restore the imbalance. Secondly, we must follow on environmental policy of ‘reduce,  reuse, recycle’, i.e. promoting the reuse of anything. Thirdly, the use of fuel-efficient vehicles should be promoted as these vehicles have lower emissions of harmful gases. Fourthly, every individual should be aware of the importance of the protecting environment. Besides, eco- friendly technologies must be promoted, and must be substituted with the technologies which cause great emission of global warming gases. Many government agencies around the world are very interested in maintaining fossil fuel use, especially coal. Furthermore, we are not going to run out of coal in the near term (oil may begin to run low sometime after 2010). Methods for reducing carbon emission levels while still burning coal are now investigation by government and industry, as we now discuss. It is too late to debate on global warming. We need to take some measures to decrease global warming. Forestation can be of great help in this regard. Planting more trees worldwide will help restore the imbalance. Secondly, we must follow on environmental policy of ‘reduce, reuse, recycle’, i.e. promoting the reuse of anything. Thirdly, the use of fuel-efficient vehicles should be promoted as these vehicles have lower emissions of harmful gases. Fourthly, every individual should be aware of the importance of the protecting environment. Besides, eco- friendly technologies must be promoted, and must be substituted with the technologies which cause great emission of global warming gases. We should control the growth of population by decreasing birth rate. This can be done by proper family planning. We should reduce the use of chlorofloro carbons. More use of non-conventional source of energy like wind power and solar energy. It is said that â€Å"There is no place like home† and earth is our home so we need to protect it. Policies are made every day but do we follow it? The answer is â€Å"No†. We all are aware of global warming so we need to change the way we think that we can’t do anything and only the rich who are seated in the seats of government can save us. Who you are, whatever you are you can do something for your planet when you think global warming is a problem.

The Question of the Distributed Workforce under the Impact of Globalization Tendencies

The Question of the Distributed Workforce under the Impact of Globalization Tendencies The labor environment and the specifics of the employees’ activities at their workplaces are changed significantly under the impact of globalization tendencies which can be discussed as characteristic features of the social and economic development in 21st century.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Question of the Distributed Workforce under the Impact of Globalization Tendencies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Several decades ago, the job of the majority of people was closely associated with that definite workplace where employees could perform their functions as professionals. Thus, the activity of the staff depended on the place where they worked. Today, the situation is often rather opposite to the traditional vision of the occupational activity associated with the certain workplace. Many people have the opportunity to work in the international or foreign companies without leaving their houses. The othe r persons can freely work in the foreign countries to perform effectively as professionals in the definite field. Modern technologies allow the public’s avoiding all the geographical boundaries at their way to the desired work. The distributed workforce influenced by the globalization processes and dependent of the technological progress is characteristic for the modern work environment, and it is significant for forming a new social identity based on the occupational identity. Today, it is typically to refer to the labor market as independent from any boundaries. This vision is the result of the globalization tendencies. Moreover, the globalization process is closely connected with the idea of multiculturalism according to which laborers as the representatives of different cultures and nationalities can work together to complete the project and present the definite result.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your fir st paper with 15% OFF Learn More If several years ago work was often discussed as geographically tied, today a lot of migrations are characteristic for the labor market. Furthermore, this statement is right both for the people’s migrations and for the distribution of work. According to Huws, â€Å"there has thus been a double uprooting- a movement of jobs to people and a movement of people to jobs† (Huws Fixed, Footloose, or Fractured 1). From this point, the mentioned situation created the conditions for the further accent on the distributed workforce as the characteristic feature of the modern labor environment. Huws pays attention to the fact that â€Å"the combination of technological change and globalization is bringing about fundamental changes in who does what work where, when, and how† (Huws Fixed, Footloose, or Fractured 1). That is why, it is important to concentrate not only on the trends of globalization but also on the technological progress as the trigger for the further changes in the field. The technological progress has affected the development of the concept of the distributed workforce significantly. Today, employers pay much attention to the workers’ skills and knowledge without references to their location because it is possible to perform effectively and complete the tasks with the help of many modern technologies and software, being in any part of the world. Thus, according to Huws, the contemporary labor market is divided into fixed jobs and footloose jobs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Question of the Distributed Workforce under the Impact of Globalization Tendencies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Huws accentuates that fixedness is the characteristic of the traditional approach to the organization of work, â€Å"fixedness is the need for physical proximity to a particular spot, because the job directly involves the m aking, mending, cleaning, or moving of physical goods or the delivery of real personal services to people in real time and real space† (Huws Fixed, Footloose, or Fractured 2). However, in the modern world, footloose jobs become more spread because of the potential flexibility of the workers. The accents are made on the quality of the work, but not on the location of the person who has completed it. Many researchers argue that the modern work environment where footloose jobs and the phenomenon of the distributed workforce are prevailing is oriented to employees with the developed IT skills in order to respond to the requirements of the market. Thus, ‘cyberworkers’ influence the social structures in cities based on the principles of employment and â€Å"they may become conduits for spreading the values and cultures of multinational corporations outward into their local communities and down the value chain into supplying companies† (Huws Fixed, Footloose, or F ractured 7). However, the process of migrations and avoiding the occupational boundaries is also characteristic for people who do not work with communication technologies and do not have the developed IT skills. In this case, the general principle of transforming the labor market without references to the geographical boundaries works. In her article â€Å"The Making of a Cybertariat? Virtual Work in a Real World†, Huws states that â€Å"not all the new delocalized work involves technical software skills. In many developing countries there has also been a major growth in lower-skilled clerical work, such as data entry and typing, and in call-centre work† (Huws The Making of a Cybertariat 18). Thus, it is also important to focus on the correlation between the changes in the social structures in cities, in the notion of the social identity based on the concept of the occupational identity, in the public’s attitude toward fixed and footloose jobs as the requirement s of the modern development of the society.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, it is possible to refer to the ideas that the real impact of globalization processes on the labor market is not as positive as the experts claim. The changes in the principles of work distribution brought a lot of changes in the whole system and affected the public in relation to the economic security and guarantees (Cao, Prakash, and Ward 320). Thus, today it is appropriate to use the fixed-term contracts where the terms of the work are rather short. The process is caused by the high level of the market competitiveness, and this situation contributes to creating some problems for employees when it is rather beneficial for employers. However, new tendencies in the organization of work and alternations in the labor market are important for forming a new occupational identity which is based on the more active role of the person’s individualism, developed skills, and high and effective performance. Globalization and the associated processes have led to changing the principles to discuss the work as associated with the certain place and territory. The traditional vision of the question is also inappropriate for the discussion of the social and occupational identities. The era of progressive communication technologies provide people with a lot of opportunities to choose between fixed and footloose jobs according to their own priorities, but not because of the definite national or cultural boundary. Modern employees work in the world without boundaries that is why the distributed workforce is important today to follow all the changes in the economic and labor environment immediately. Moreover, the changes in the understanding of the occupational identity also influenced the particular features of the social identity of those people migrate or live in the cities changed according to the social structures. Cao, Xun, Aseem Prakash, and Michael D. Ward. â€Å"Protecting Jobs in the Age of Globalization: Examining the Relative Salience of Social We lfare and Industrial Subsidies in OECD Countries†. International Studies Quarterly 51.1 (2007): 301–327. Print. Huws, Ursula. â€Å"Fixed, Footloose, or Fractured: Work, Identity, and the Spatial Division of Labor in the Twenty-First Century City†. Monthly Review 57.10 (2006): 1-10. Print. â€Å"The Making of a Cybertariat? Virtual Work in a Real World†. Social Register 37.1 (2001): 1-23. Print.